Additional References

​ GENERAL: INJURIES, RISK FA​CTORS, AND​ PREVENTION

General: Injury Epidemiology

Journal articles

• External Cause Coding of Injury Encounters in the Military Health System Among Active Component U.S. Service Members 2016-2019​. MSMR; ​​Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2025)
  
• A State-by-State and Regional Analysis of the Direct Medical Costs of Treating Musculoskeletal Injuries among US Army Trainees​. Prog Cardiovasc Dis​, in press; Bornstein D, Forrest L, Hauret K, et al. (2022) ​​
  
• The Cost of Lower Extremity Fractures Among Active Duty U.S. Army Soldiers, 2017​. MSMR 28(6):6-12, Forrest LJ, Jones BH, Barnes SR, et al. (2021)
  
• The Impacts of ICD-10-CM on U.S. Army Injury Surveillance.​ AJPM, Schuh-Renner A, Inscore MC, Hauschild VD, Jones BH, Canham-Chervak M. (2021)
  
• Musculoskeletal Injuries and United States Army Readiness Part I: Overview of Injuries and their Strategic Impact.  Mil Med, Molloy JM, Pendergrass TL, Lee IE, Chervak MC, Hauret KG, Rhon DI. (2020)
  
• Musculoskeletal Injuries and United States Army Readiness. Part II: Management Challenges and Risk Mitigation Initiatives.  Mil Med, Molloy JM, Pendergrass TL, Lee IE, Hauret KG, Chervak MC, Rhon DI. (2020)
  
• Using Causal Energy Categories to Report the Distribution of Injuries in an Active Population: An Approach Used by the US Army.  J Sci Med Sport 22(9):997-1003, Hauschild VD, Schuh-Renner A, Lee T, et al. (2019)
  
• Response to Letter to the Editor: Measuring True Accuracy of Self-Reported Injuries. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 42:e2-3, Schuh-Renner A, Canham-Chervak M, Grier TL, Jones BH. (2019)
  
• Expanding the Injury Definition: Evidence for the Need to Include Musculoskeletal Conditions. Public Health 169:69-75, Schuh-Renner A, Canham-Chervak M, Grier TL, Hauschild VD, Jones BH. (2019)
  
• Accuracy of Self-Reported Injuries Compared to Medical Record Data. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 39 (Feb), 39-44; Schuh-Renner A, Canham-Chervak M, Grier T, Jones BH. (2019)
  
• Injury Mechanisms, Activities, and Limited Work Days in US Army Infantry Units. AME​DD Journal, Jul–Dec, 6-13; Canham-Chervak M, Rappole C, Grier T, Jones BH. (2018)
  
• Musculoskeletal training injury prevention in the US Army: Evolution of the science and the public health approach. JSAMS, 21(11), 1139-46; Jones BH, Hauschild VD, Canham-Chervak M. (2018)
  
• Statistical process control charts for monitoring military injuries. Inj Prev, online. Schuh A, Canham-Chervak M, Jones BH. (2017)
  
• Importance of External Cause Coding for Injury Surveillance: Lessons from Assessment of Overexertion Injuries Among US Army Soldiers in 2014. MSMR, 23(11), 10-15; Canham-Chervak M, Steelman RA, Schuh A, Jones BH. (2016)
  
• Exertional rhabdomyolysis: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. J Spec Oper Med 16(3):65-71; Knapik JJ, O'Connor FG. (2016)
  
• What Soldiers K​now and Want to Know About Preventing Injuries: A Needs Survey Regarding a Key Threat to Readiness. AMEDD Journal, Jan–Mar, 10-19; Hauschild VD, Schuh A, Jones BH. (2016)
  
• Physical training, fitness, and injuries: lessons learned from military studies. J Strength Cond Res, 29:S57-64, Jones BH, Hauschild VD. (2015)
  
• Military Injuries​. Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the US; Marshall SW, Canham-Chervak M, Dada EO, Jones BH. (2014)
  
• Strategies for Optimizing Military Physical Readiness and Preventing Musculoskeletal Injuries in the 21st Century. AMEDD Journal, 5-23; Nindl BC, et al. (2013)
  
• Medical Surveillance of I​njuries in the U.S. Military: Descriptive Epidemiology and Recommendations for Improvement​.​ AJPM, 38:3S, S42-S60; Jones BH. (2010)
  
• A Process to Identify Military Injury Prevention Priorities Based on Injury Type and Limited Duty Days​. AJPM, 38:1S, S19-S33; Ruscio BA, Jones BH, Bullock SH, et al. (2010)
  
• An Evidence-Based Public Health Approach to Injury Priorities and Prevention: Recommendations for the U.S. Military. AJPM, 38:1S, S1-S10; Jones BH, Canham-Chervak M, Sleet DA. (2010)
  
• A Systematic Process to Prioritize Prevention Activities: Sustaining Progress toward the Reduction of Military Injuries. AJPM, 38:1S, S11-S18; Canham-Chervak M, Hooper TI, Brennan FH, et al. (2010)
  
• Frequency and Causes of Nonbattle Injuries Air Evacuated from Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom, U.S. Army, 2001-2006. AJ​PM​, 38:1S, 94-107; Hauret KG, Taylor BJ, et al. (2010)
  
• Physical Fi​​tness in Military Service Members: An Important Component of Total Force Fitness for the 21st Century. Mil Med, 175:8S, 14-20; Roy TC, et al. (2010)
• Atlas of Injurie​​​​​​s in U.S. Armed Forces​. Mil Med, 164:8S, 1-1 to 9-25 (642 pages); Jones BH, Amoroso PJ, Canham ML, et al. (1999)
  

Technical reports​​

Book chapters

• Strength, Endurance and Movement. In: Boehm-Davis D, Durso F, Lee J, APA Handbook of Human System Integration.  Washington DC: American Psychological Association; Grier T et al. (2015)
  

Injury Risk Factors in Selected Populations

Journal articles​

• Musculoskeletal injury and physical fitness across U.S. Army occupational specialties​. J Mil Vet Health, 33(2):22-39; Grier T, Pearson RC, Benedict T, Mahlmann O, Canham-Chervak, M. (2025)
  
• Comparison of Injuries between US Army Paratroopers and their Non-paratrooper Soldier Counterparts. BMJ Mil Health; Hauschild VD, Rappole CA, Forrest LJ, et al. (2021)
  
• Vaping, Smoking, and the Physical Fitness of Active Young Men: A Study of U.S. Army Soldiers. Am J Prev Med, 58(1):e31-37; Dinkeloo E, Grier T, Brooks R, Jones BH. (2020)
  
• Sleep Duration and Musculoskeletal Injury Incidence in Physically Active Me​n and Women: A Study of US Army Special Operations Forces Soldiers. Sleep Health; Grier T, Dinkeloo E, Reynolds M, Jones BH. (2020)
  
• Which US States Pose the Greatest Threats to Military Readiness and Public Health?. J Public Health Manag Pract, 21(1):36-44; Bornstein DB, Grieve GL, Clennin MN, et al. (2019)
  
• Non-battle Injuries among U.S. Army Soldiers Deployed to Afg​​​hanistan and Iraq, 2001-2013.  J Safety Res, 60:29-34; Patel AA, Hauret KG, Taylor BJ, Jones BH. (2017)
  
• Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use by Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med, 46(1):103-123, Knapik JJ, et al. (2016)
  
• Operational Physical Performance and Fitness in Military Women: Physiological, Musculoskeletal Injury, and Optimized Physical Training Considerations for Successfully Integrating Women into Combat-centric Military Occupations. Mil Med, 181(1S):50-62, Nindl BC, et al. (2016)
  
• Physical Training, Smoking, and Injury during Deployment: A Comparison of Men and Women in the US Army. AMEDD Journal, Apr-Jun: 42-48, Anderson MK, et al. (2015)
  
• Epidemiology of Exercise- and Sports-related Injuries in a Population of Young, Physically Active Adults: A Survey of Military Servicemembers. Am J Sports Med, 43(11):2645-53, Hauret KG, et al. (2015)
  
• Occupation and other ​​Risk Factors for Injury among Enlisted U.S. Army Soldiers. Public Health, 129: 531-538; Anderson MK, Grier T, Canham-Chervak M, Bushman TT, Jones BH. (2015)
  
• Letter to the Editor: Regarding the Bulzacchelli et al. Article on Risk Factors of Injury During U.S. Army Basic Combat Training. AJPM, 49(1), E1-3; Jones BH, Hauschild VD, et al. (2015) 
  
• Effects of Personal and Occupational Stress on Injuries in a Young, Physically Active Population: A Survey of Military Personnel. Mil Med, 179(11), 1311-1317; Bedno S, Hauret K, Loringer K, et al. (2014)​
  
• Risk Factors A​ssociated with Higher Body Fat in US Army Female Soldiers. AMEDD Journal, 75-82; Anderson MK, Grier TL, Canham-Chervak M, Jones BH. (2014)
  
• A Prospective Investigation of Injury Incid​ence and Injury Risk Factors among Army Recruits in Military Police Training​. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 13:32; Knapik JJ, Graham B, Cobbs J, et al. (2013)
  
• Injury Rates and Injury Ris​​​k Factors amon​​g Federal Bureau of Investigation New Agent Trainees. BMC Public Health, 11, 920-936; Knapik​​ JJ, Grier T, Spiess A, et al. (2011)
  
• Retrospective Examination of Injuries and Physical Fitness during Federal Bureau of Investigation New Agent Training. J Occup Med Toxicol, 6:26; Knapik JJ, Spiess A, Swedler D,et al. (2011)
  
• Risk Factors for Injuries in the U.S. Army Ordnance School. Mil Med, 176:11, 1292-1299; Grier TL, Morrison S, Knapik JJ, Canham-Chervak M, Jones BH. (2011)
  
• Risk Factors for Medical Discharge from U.S. Army Basic Combat Training. Mil Med, 176:10, 1104-1110; Swedler DI, Knapik JJ, Williams KW, Grier TL, Jones BH. (2011)
  
• Risk Factors Associated with Self-Reported Training-​Related Injury Before Arrival at the U.S. Army Ordnance School. Public Health, 1-7; Grier TL, Knapik JJ, Canada S, et al. (2010)
  
• Epidemiology of Hearing Impairment and Noise-In​​duced Hearing Injury among U.S. Military Personnel, 2003-2005.​ Am J Prev Med, 38:S1, 71-77; Helfer TM, Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2010)
  
• Medical Surveillance of Injuries in the U.S. Military: Descriptive Epidemiology and Recommendations for Improvement​. Am J Prev Med, 38:S1, S42-S60; Jones BH, Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2010)
  
• Musculoskeletal Injuries: Description of an Under-Recognized Injury Problem Among Military Personnel​.​ Am J Prev Med, 38:S1, S61-S70; Hauret KG, Jones BH, Bullock SH, et al. (2010)
  
• Identifying Modifia​ble Causes of Fall-Related Injury: An Analysis of U.S. Army Safety Data​. Work, 33:1, 23-34; Shuping E, Canham-Chervak M, Amoroso PJ, Jones BH. (2009).
  
• Seasonal Variations in ​Injury Rates in U.S. Army Ordnance Training. Mil Med, 173, 4:362-368; Jones SB, Knapik JJ, Jones BH. (2008)
  
• Injury Rates and Injury Risk Factors among U.S. Army Wheel Vehicle Mechanics. Mil Med, 172, 9:988-996; Knapik JJ, Jones SB, Darakjy S, et al. (2007)
  
• Injuries and Injury Risk Fac​tors among Members of the U.S. Army Band. Am J Ind Med, 50, 951-961; Knapik JJ, Jones SB, Darakjy S, et al. (2007)​
  
• Injuries and Illnesses among Armor Brigade Soldiers During Operational Training. Mil Med, 171, 11:1051-1056; Darakjy S, Marin R, Knapik JJ, Jones BH. (2006)
  
• Injuries and Injury Prevention among Senior Military Officer​s at the Army War College. Mil Med, 167:7, 593-599; Knapik JJ, McCollam R, Canham-Chervak M, Hoedebecke E, Arnold S, Craig S, Barko W. (2002)
  
• Seasonal Variations in Injury Rates During US Army Basic Combat Tr​aining. Ann Occup Hyg. 46:1, 15-23 Knapik JJ, Canham-Chervak M, Hauret KG, et al. (2002)
  
• Comparison of the Physical Fitness of Men and Women Entering th​e U.S. Army: 1978-1998. MSSE, 34:2, 356-363; Sharp MA, Patton JF, Knapik JJ, Hauret KG, et al. (2002)
  
• The Fitness Training Unit in U.S. Army Basic Combat Training: Physical Fitness, Training Outcomes, and Injuries. Mil Med, 166:4, 356-361 Knapik JJ, Canham-Chervak M, Hoedebecke E, et al. (2001)
  
• Discharges During U.S. Army Basic Training: Injury Rates and Risk Factors. Mil Med, 166:7, 641-647; Knapik JJ, Canham-Chervak M, Hauret KG, et al. (2001)
  
• Risk Factors for Training-Related Injuries Among Men and Women in Basic Combat Training. MSSE, 33:6, 946-954; Knapik JJ, Sharp MA, Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2001)
  
• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype and Physical Performance During U.S. Army Basic Training. J Appl Physiol, 91:3, 1355-1363; Sonna LA, Sharp MA, Knapik JJ, et al. (2001)
  
• Ciga​​rette Smoking an​d Exercise-Related Injuries Among Young Men and Women. Am J Prev Med, 18(3S), 96-102; Altarac M, Gardner JW, Popovich RM, et al. (2000)​
  
• Injuries and Injury Risk Fact​​​​ors Among Men and Women in U.S. Army Combat Medic Advanced Individual Training. Mil Med, 165, 9:647-652; Henderson NE, Knapik JJ, Shaffer SW, et al. (2000)
  
• Exercise-Related Injuries among Women: Strategies for Prevention from Civilian and Military Studies. MMWR Recomm Rep 49(RR-2), 15-33; Gilchrist J, Jones BH, Sleet DA, Kimsey CD. (2000)
  
• Injuries During Marine Corps Officer Basic Training. Mil Med, 165:7, 5​15-520; Piantanida NA, Knapik JJ, Brannen S, O'Conner F. (2000)
  
• Injuries in the Military A Review a​nd Commentary Focused on Prevention. Am J Prev Med, 18(3S): 71-84 Jones BH, Perrotta DM, Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2000)
  
• Physical Training and Exercise-Related Injuries Surveillance, Research and Injury Prevention in Military Populations. Sports Medicine, 27:2,111-125, Jones BH, Knapik JJ. (1999)
  
• Physical Training and Exercise-Related Injuries. Sports Medicine, 27, 111-125; Jones BH, Knapik JJ. (1999)
  
• Influence of Age and Physical Training on Measures of Cardiorespiratory and Muscle Endurance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 72, 490-495; Knapik JJ, Banderet LE, Vogel JA, et al. (1996)
  
• Exercise, Training and Injuries. Sports Medicine, 18:3, 202-214; Jones BH, Cowan DN, Knapik, JJ. (1994)
  
• Epidemiology of Injuries Associated with Physical Training Among Young Men in the Army. MSSE, 25, 197-203; Jones BH, Cowan DN, Pitt Tomlinson J, et al. (1993)
  

Technical reports

• Injury Surveillance for U.S. Army Basic Combat Training and One Statio​n Unit Training, Fiscal Year 2020. DHA-PH PHR No. S.0094036.99-25; Smith J, Hauret K, Steelman R, et al. (2025​)
  
• Summary of Workers’ Compensation Data for Army Civilians, FY2023​​. ​DHA-PH TIP No. 043-1124; Mahlmann O, Schuh-Renner A, Canham-Chervak M. (2024)​​​
  
• Injury Surveillance for U.S. Army Basic Combat Training and One Station Unit Training, Fiscal Year 2019​.​ APHC PHR No. S.0087530-22; Hauret K, Steelman R, Canham-Chervak M. (2022)
  
• Injuries and Injury Risk Factors in the U.S. Army Band, U.S. Army Field Band, and Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps​​.​​ APHC Technical Report No. S.0063625-17​; ​Schuh-Renner A, Rappole C, Grier T, et al. (2021)​​​
  
• Comparison of Injuries between U.S. Army Active Duty Paratroopers and Non Paratrooper Soldiers, Calendar Years 2016 to 2018.​​ APHC Public Health Information Paper No. 12-01-1219; Hauschild V, Rappole C, et al. (2019)
  
• Injuries and Injury Risk Factors in the 23rd Quartermaster Brigade, Fort Lee, Virginia. APHC Public Health Report No. S.0048418-19; Rappole C, Canham-Chervak M, Jones BH. (2019)
• Pectoralis Major In​juries in the Military: A Surveillance Approach to Reduce an Underestimated Problem. BMJ Mil Health; Hauschild VD, et al. (2​021)​
  
• Pectoralis Major Injuries in the Army, CY 201​6 Active Duty Army.​ APHC Public Health Information Paper No. 12-03-0719; Hauschild V, Forre​​st L, Hirleman C, Pinyan EC, Grier T, Jones BH. (2019)
  
• Assessment of Health Beha​viors, Health E​​ducation Interests, and Injuries among Employees at the General Leonard Wood Army Community Hospital, Oct-Dec 2014.​ Technical Report No. S.0032417-16), APHC (Prov), APG MD. (2016).
  
• U.S. Army Medical Command Injury Summary, Active Duty Personnel, 2014. Public Health Report No. S.0023116-16, APHC (Prov), APG MD. (2016)​​
  
• Evaluation of Student Injuries at the Sergeants Major Course, Fort Bliss, Texas. Technical Report No. S.0023113-16, APHC (Prov), APG MD. (2016)
  
• Injury Rates, Limited Duty Days, Medically Not Ready R​​ates, a​nd Injury Risk Factors in an Army Chemical Brigade, May 2013–June 2014.​ Technical Report No. S.0032423.3-15, APHC (Prov), APG MD. (2015)
  
• Evaluation of Injuries among Command and General Staff College Students, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Technical Report No. S.0023115-14, APHC (Prov), APG MD. (2015)
  
• Injuries from Participation in Sports, Exerci​se, and Recreational Activities among Active Duty Service Members- Analysis of the April 2008 Status of Forces Survey of Active Duty Members. Report No. 12-HF-0DPT-08, USAPHC, APG MD. (2011)
  
• Prospective Investigation of Injury Rates and Injury Risk Factors among Federal Bureau of Investigation New Agent Trainees, Quantico VA, 2009-2010.​ USACHPPM Epidemiological Report No. 12-HF-97HRF1A-10. (2010)​​
  
• Injury Incidence and Injury Risk Factors among Soldiers in the U.S. Army Ordnance School APG, MD Jan 2000-Jun 2003. USAPHC (Provisional) Injury Prevention R​eport No. 12-HF-0893-10. (2009)
  
• Risk Factors for Injury and Cigarette Smoking and Temporal Trends in Demographic and Lifestyle Characteristics among U.S. Army Ordnance School Students, 2000-2006. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation No. 12-MA-083E-08. (2008)
  
• A Prospective Study of Injuries and Injury Risk Factors among Army Wheel Vehicle Mechanics. USACHPPM Injury Prevention Report No. 12-MA-7193B-06. (2006)
  
• Injuries among Army Light-Wheel Vehicl​e Mechanics. USACHPPM Report No. 12-MA-7193A-06. (2006)
  
• Injuries and Injury Prevention in the U.S. Army Band. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation Report No. 12-HF-01Q2A-06. (2006)
  
• The Association of Health Risk Behaviors and Training-Related Injury among U.S. Army Basic Trainees.  USACHPPM Project No. 12-HF-0C7G-06. (2006)​​
  
• Comparison of Physical Activity among New U.S. Army Recruits and High School Students. USACHPPM Epidemiological Study No. 12-HF-01Q9E-06. (2006)
  
• Recruit Assessment Program: Implementation at Ma​rine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego. Naval Health Research Center Report No. 02-17. (2002)
  
• The Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm among U.S. Army Recruits and Its Effects on Physical Performance. Chest Journal, 119:6, 1676-1684; Sonna LA, Angel KC, et al. (2001).
  
• A Second Investigation of Injuries Among Officers Attending the U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, during Academic Year 2000. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation Report No. 29-HE-2682A-00: (2000)
  
• Physical Fitness Soldiers Entering and Completing Basic Co​mbat Training. USARIEM Report No. A-3749S6. (2000)
  
• An Investigation of Injuries among Officers Attending the U.S. Army War College during Academic Year 1999. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation Report No. 29-HE-2682-99. (1999)
  
• Injury Incidence, Injury Risk Factors, a​​nd Physical Fitness of U.S. Army Basic Trainees at Ft. Jackson, SC 1997.. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation Report No. 29-HE-7513-98. (1998)
  

Prevention (Interventions, Studies and Evaluations)

Journal articles

• Assessing Community-Based Public Health Plans: An Example From US Army Injury Prevention.​ J​PHMP, ​Sep 2022, Courie A, Jones BH, C​anham-Chervak M. (2022)
  
• Avoiding program-induced cumulative overload.​ J Spec Oper Med, 16(2)​: 91-96, Orr R, Knapik JJ, Pope R. (2016)
  
• Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use by Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(1):103-123, Knapik JJ, et al. (2016)
  
• Pain on Functional Movement Screen Tests and Injury Risk. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(11S): S65-S70; Bushman T, et al. (2015)
  
• The Functional Movement Screen and Injury Risk: Association and Predictive Value in Active Men. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(2): 297-304; Bushman T, et al. (2015)
  
• Perspectives on Aerobic and Strength Influences on Military Physical Readiness: Report of an International Military Physiology Roundtable. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(11S): S10-S23; Friedl K, et al. (2015)
  
• Efficacy of Functional Movement Screening for Predicting Injuries in Coast Guard Cadets. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Researc​h, 29(5): 1157-1162; Knapik JJ, et al.  (2015)
  
• Human Performance Optimization Metrics: Consensus Findings, Gaps, and Recommendations for Future Research. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(11): S221-S245; Nindl BC, et al. (2015)
  

Technical reports

• ​U.S. Army Reserve Command Holistic Health and Fitness Pilot Program Evaluation, July 2020–May 2023​. DHA-PH TR No. S.0094040.99-25; ​Schuh-Renner A, et al. (2025)​
  
• U.S. Army Reserve Command Holistic Health and Fitness Pilot Evaluation: Baseline Results, Jul 2020-Dec 2021. DCPH-A TIP No. 004-0223; Schuh-Renner A, et al. (2023)
  
• Evaluation of the Soldier Readiness Test and Training Program (SRT2P), Apr-Dec 2017. APHC TR No. S.0079145-17; Grier T, et al. (2022)
  
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surveillance and Oral Appliance Therapy Evaluation, Active Duty U.S. Army, 2014-2019​. APHC TR No. S.0079064.3-21; Goodwin C, et al. (2022)
  
• Evaluation of the Fort Campbell Army Wellness Center Injury Prevention Pilot Program. APHC PHIP No. 12-07-0922; Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2022) 
  
• Development of a Theory-Driven Injury Prevention Communication Strategy for US Army Personnel. APHC (Prov) PHR No. S.0023151-16. (2016)
  
• Influence of a Viscoelastic Insole on Foot, Knee and Back Pain among Members of the U.S. Army Band Aug 2009-Mar 2010. USAPHC Epidemiological Report No. 12-HF-97G010-09. (2010)
  
• Injury Prevention Effectiveness of Modifications of Shoe Type on Injuries and Risk Factors Associated with Pain and Discomfort in the U.S. Army Band Fort Meyer, VA 2007-2008. USACHPPM Injury Prevention Report No. 12-HF-05WC-07. (2009)
  
• Injury-Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes Based on Planter Shape in Marine Corps Basic Training San Diego, CA and Parris Island, SC Mar-Oct 2007. USACHPPM Epidemiological Report No. 12-HF-05SBA-07C. (2009)
  
• Influence of Iron Supplementation of Injury Risk in Basic Combat Training. USACHPPM Report No. 12-MA0896-08. USACHPPM Report No. 12-MA-05SBA-08A. (2008)
  
• Injury Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes Based on Foot Shape in Air Force Basic Military Training. (2008)
  
• Injury Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes Based on Foot Shape in Basic Combat Training. USACHPPM Report No. 12-MA-05SB-08. (2008)
  
• Recommendations for Prevention of Physical Training (PT)-Related Injuries: Results of a Systematic Evidence-Based Review. USACHPPM Report No. 21-KK-0​​​8QR-08. (2008)​
  
• Prevention of Football Injuries: A Review of the Litera​ture. USACHPPM General Medical Service Study Report No. 12-MA-01Q5-05. (2005)​​
  
• A Review of the Literature on Attrition from the Military Services: Risk Factors for Attrition and Strategies to Reduce Attrition. USACHPPM Report No. 12-HF-01Q9A-04. (2004)
  
• Evaluation of a Program to Identify and Pre-Cond​ition Trainees with Low Physical Fitness: Attrition and Cost Analysis. USACHPPM Report No. 12-HF-01Q9C-04. (2004)​
  
• Evaluation of Two Army Fitness Pro​grams: The TRADOC Stand​ardized Physical Training Program for Basic Combat Training and the Fitness Assessment Program. USACHPPM Project No. 12-HF-5772B-04. (2004)
  
• Guidance for Ability Group Run Speeds and Distances in Basic Combat Training. USACHPPM Project No. 12-HF-5772A-03. (2003)​​
  
• The APG Injury Control Project: I​nfluence of a Multiple Intervention Program on Injuries and Fitness among Ordnance School Soldiers in Advanced Individual Training. USAC​​HP​​PM Project No. 12-HF-7990-03. (2003)
  
• Evaluation of Injury Rates During Implementation of the Fort Drum Running Shoe Injury Prevention Program. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation No. 12-MA-6558-01. (2​001)
  
• The Victory Fitness Progra​​​m: Influence of the U.S. Army's Emerging Physical Readiness Training Doctrine on Fitness and Injuries in Basic Combat Training. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation Report No. 12-MA-5762-01. (2001)
  

MILITARY-SPECIFIC TRAINING RELATED INJURIES

Basic and Initial Entry Training

Journal articles

• Likelihood of Fitness Improvements during a Stand​ardised Physical Fitness Programme in US Army Trainees of Different Fitness Levels. BMJ Mil Health, online.​ ​Pierce JR, Cohen B, Hauret K, et al​​. ​​(2024)​​
  
• Relationship of Anthropometric Measures on Female Trainees’ and Active Duty Soldiers’ Performance of Common Soldiering Tasks​. Mil Med 185(Suppl 1):376-382, Redmond JE, Cohen BS, Haven CC, et al. (2020)
  
• A Prospective Field Study of U.S. Army Trainees to Identify the Physiological Bases and Key Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Study Protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20:282, Hughes JM, et al. (2019)
  
• Surveyed Reasons for Not Seeking Medical Care Regarding Musculoskeletal Injury Symptoms in US Army Trainees. Mil Med 184(5-6):e431-9, Cohen BS, Pacheco BM, Foulis SA, et al. (2019)
  
• Letter to the Editor: Regarding the Bulzacchelli et al. Article on Risk Factors of Injury During U.S. Army Basic Combat Training. Am J Prev Med, 49(1), E1-3; Jones, BH, Hauschild VD, et al. (2015)
  
• Risk Factors for Medical Discharge from U.S. Army Basic Combat Training. Mil Med, 176:10, 1104-1110; Swedler DI, Knapik JJ, Williams KW, et al. (2011)
  
• Association between Ambulatory Physical Activity and Injuries during U.S. Army Basic Combat Training.​ J Phys Act Health, 8(4), 496-502; Knapik JJ, Hauret KG, Canada S, et al. (2011)​​
  
• Increasing the Physical Fitness of Low-Fit Recruits before Basic Combat Training: An Evaluation of Fitness, Injuries, and Training Outcomes. Mil Med, 171:1, 45-54; Knapik JJ, et al. (2006)
  
• Evaluation of a Standardized Physical Training Program for Basic Combat Training. J Strength Cond Res, 19, 246-253; Knapik J, Darakjy S, Scott SJ, et al. (2005)
  
• Discharges during U.S. Army Basic Training: Injury Rates and Risk Factors. Mil Med, 166:7, 641-647; Knapik JJ, Canham-Chervak M, Hauret KG, et al. (2001)
  
• Risk Factors for Training-Related Injuries among Men and Women in Basic Combat Training. MSSE, 33:6, 946-954; Knapik JJ, Sharp MA, Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2001)
  
• The Fitness Training Unit in U.S. Army Basic Combat Training: Physical Fitness, Training Outcomes, and Injuries. Mil Med, 166:4, 356-361; Knapik JJ, Canham-Chervak M, Hoedebecke E, et al. (2001)
  
• Physical Training and Exercise-Related Injuries: Surveillance, Research, and Injury Prevention in Military Populations. Sports Med, 27(2), 111-125;​​ Jones BH et al. (1999).
  
• Exercise, Trainin​g and Injuries. Jones BH, Cow​an DN, Knapik JJ. Sports Med 18(3): 202-1. (1994)​​
  

Technical reports

• Comparison of Basic Combat Training Injury Rates Before and After Implementation of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic-related Training Modifications. APHC TIP No. 12-121-0322; Steelman R, Jones BH, Chervak M. (2022)
  
• ​​Comparison of Physical Fitness, Graduation, and Injuries between 14-Week and 22-Week Infantry One Station Unit Training Cycles​. APHC Technical Report No. S.0047239.3; Hauret K, Steelman R, Jones B. (2019) ​
  
• Physical Fitness Soldiers Entering and Completing Basic Combat Training.  USARIEM Report No. A-3749S6. (2000)
  
• Injury Incidence and Injur​y Risk Factors among U.S. Army Basic Trainees, Ft. Jackson, South Carolina 1998.​ USACHPPM Epidemiologic Report No. 29-HE-8370-98; Knapik JJ, Sharp ML, et al. (1999)
  
• Injury Incidence, Injur​y Risk Factors, and Physical Fitness of U.S. Army Basic Trainees at Ft. Jackson, SC 1997. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation Report No. 29-HE-7513-98. (1998)
  
• Incidence of and Risk Factors for Injury and Illness among Male and Female Army Basic Trainees. USARIEM Tech Report No. T19-88; Jones BH, Manikowsky R, Harris J, et al. (1988)
  

Deployment

Journal articles

• Non-battle Injuries among U.S. Army Soldiers Deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq, 2001-2013. J Safety Res, 60,  29-34; Patel AA, Hauret KG, Taylor BJ, Jones BH. (2017)
  
• Surveillance of Disease and Non-battle Injuries during U.S. Army Operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. AMEDD Journal; 4-9:15-23; Hauret KG, Pacha L, Taylor BJ, Jones BH. (2016)
  
• A Description of Injuries in Men and Women While Serving in Afghanistan. Mil Med, 180:2, 126-131; Roy TC, Ritland BM, Sharp MA. (2015)
  
• Description of Musculoskeletal Injuries Occurring in Female Soldiers Deployed to Afghanistan. Mil Med, 180:3, 269-75; Roy TC, Piva SR, Christiansen BC, et al. (2015)
  
• Increases in Physical Demands​ during Deployment Compared to Garrison Predict Musculoskeletal Injuries in Female Soldiers. Australian Journal o​f Strength and Conditioning, 23:7, 27-32; Roy TC, Piva SR. (2015)
• Physiological Employment Standards III: Physiological Challenges and Consequences Encountered during International Military Deployments. Eur J Ap​​pl Physiol, 113(11), 2655-2672; Nindl BC, et al. (2013)
  
• Loads Worn by Soldiers Predict Episodes of Low Back Pain during Deployment to Afghanistan. Spine, 38:15, 1310-7; Roy TC, Lopez HP, Piva SR. (20​13)
  
• A Comparison of Deployed Occ​upational Tasks Performed by Different Types of Military Battalions and Resulting Low Back Pain. Mil Med, 178:8, 937-43; Roy TC, Lopez HP. (2013)
  
• Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal ​Injuries for Soldiers Deployed to Afghanistan. Aviat Space Environ Med, 83:11, 1060-1066; Roy TC, Knapik JJ, Ritland BM, Murphy N, Sharp MA. (2012)
  
• Lifting Tasks are Associated with Injuries dur​​ing the Early Portion of a Deployment to Afghanistan. Mil Med, 177(6), 71​​6-722; Roy TC, Ritland BM, Knapik JJ, Sharp MA. (2012)
  
• Low Back Pain Prevalence and Mechanisms of Injury in an Infantry Brigade Serving in Afghanistan. MSSE, 43:5S, S368; Roy TC, Seay J. (2011)
  
• Diagnoses and Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Injuries in an Infantry Brigade Combat Team Deployed to Afghanistan Evaluated by the Brigade Physical Therapist. Mil Med, 176:7, 903-908; Roy TC. (2011)
  
• Frequency and Causes of Nonbattle Injuries Air Evacuated from Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom, U.S. Army, 2001-2006. Am J Prev Med ​38(1S), 94-107; Hauret KG, Taylor BJ, et al. (2010)
  
• A Systematic Review of Post-Deployment Injury-Related Mortality among Military Personnel Deployed to Conflict Zones. BMC Public Health, 9, 23​1-253; Knapik JJ, Marin RE, Grier TL, Jones BH. (2009)
  
• Physical Perf​​ormance Responses during 72 H of Military Operational Stress. MSSE. 34(11), 1814-1822; Nindl BC, Leone CD, Tharion W, et al. (2002)​​
  

Technical reports

• U.S. Army Operation Enduring Freedom Deployment Injury Surveillance Summary, 1 January–31 December 2012. PHR No. S.0000614-12, USAPHC, APG MD. (2015)
  
• Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness. NATO RTO Technical Report TR-HFM-080. (2009)
  
• Effectiveness of a Seat Pad in Reducing Back Pain in Long-Distance Drivers Deployed to Kuwait Oct 2008-May 2009. USACHPPM (Prov) Epidemiological Report No. 12-MA-09H8-08. (2009)
  
• U.S. Army Deployment Injury Surveillance Summary CY2007. USACHPPM Injury Prevention Report No. 12-HF-0AN7A-09. (2009)
  
• Injuries and Physical Fitness Before and After Deployments of the 10th Mountain Division to Afghanistan and the 1st Cavalry Division to Iraq, Sept 2005-Oct 2008. USACHPPM Epidemiological Report No. 12-HF-05SR-05. (2008)
  
• Development of a Deployment Injury Surveillance System Using Medical Air Evacuation Data. USACHPPM Technical Report No. 12-HF-056S-07. (2007)​
  

​

Parachuting

Journal articles

• Comparison of Injuries between US Army Paratroopers and Their Non-Paratrooper Soldier Counterparts.BMJ Mil Health; Hauschild VD, Rappole CA, Forrest LJ, et al. (2021)
  
• Risk Factors for Injuries during Military Static-Line Airborne Operations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Athl Train, 51(11):9​62-980; Knapik JJ, Steelman RA. (2016)
  
• Injury Incidence with T-10 and T-11 Parachutes in Military Airborne Operations. Aviat Space Environ Med, 85:1159-69; Knapik JJ, Steelman R, Hoedebecke K, et al. (2014)
  
• The Advanced Tactical P​a​rachute System (T-11): Injuries during Basic Military Parachute Training. Aviat Space Environ Med, 82:10, 935- 940; Knapik JJ, Graham B, Steelman R, et al. (2011)
  
• Military Parachuting​ Injuries, Associated Events, and Injury Risk Factors. Aviat Space​​ Environ Med, 82:8, 797-804; Knapik JJ, Steelman R, Grier T, ​et al. (2011)
  
• Effectiveness of an External Ankle Brace in Reducing Parachuting Related Ankle Injuries. Injury Prevention; 17:58-61. Luippold RS, Sulky SI, Amoroso PJ. (2011)
  
• Systematic Review of the Parachute Ankle Brace: Injury Risk Reduction and Cost Effectiveness.​ Am J Prev Med, 38:S1, S182-S188; Knapik JJ, Spiess A, Swedler DI, et al. (2010).
  
• Injury Risk Factors in Parachuting and Acceptability of the Parachute Ankle Brace. Aviat Space​ Environ Med, 79:7, 689-694 Knapik JJ, Spiess A, Swedler D, et al. (2008)
  
• Parachute Ankle Brace and Extrinsic Injury Risk Factors During Parachuting.. Aviat Space ​​Environ Med, 79:4, 408-415; Knapik JJ, Darakjy S, Swedler D, et al. (2008)
  

Technical reports

• Comparison of Injuries between US Army Active Duty Paratroopers and Non Paratrooper Soldiers, Calendar Years 2016 to 2018.​ APHC PHIP No. 12-01-1219. (2019)
  
• Injuries Among Military Paratroopers - Current Evidence and Data Gaps. APHC Technical Information Paper No. 12-095-0219. (2019)
  
• Military Airborne Training Injuries and Injury Risk Factors Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Jun-Dec 2010. USAPHC (Provisional) Epidemiological Report No. 12-HF-17G072-10. (2011)
  
• A Survey of Parachute Ankle Brace Breakages. USACHPPM Report No. 12-MA01Q2A-08. (2008)
  
• Risk Factors for Parachute Injuries and Airborne Student Observations on the Parachute Ankle Brace. USACHPPM Report No. 12-MA-01Q2-08B. (2007)
  
• The Parachute Ankle B​race: Entangl​​ements and Injuries after Controlling for Extrinsic Risk Factors. USACHPPM Report No. 12-MA01Q2-07. (2007)
  

Physical Fitness Testing

Journal articles

• Changes in physical training and injury incidence following the introduction of a new military fitness test​. J Strength Con Res; 39(5):e684-e691; Pearson RC, Grier T, Benedict T, Mahlmann O, Canham-Chervak, M. (2025)
  
• Fitness Tests and Occupational Tasks of Military Interest: A Systematic Review of Correlations. Occup Environ Med; 74:144-153; Hauschild VD, DeGroot DW, Hall SM, et al. (2017)
  
• History of the U.S. Army Physical Fitness and Physical Readiness Testing. AMEDD Journal, April–June, 5-19; Knapik JJ, East WB. (2014)
  
• Prediction of Simul​ate​d Battlefield Physical Performance from Field-Expedient Tests. Mil Med, 173(1), 36-41; Harman EA, Gutekunst DJ, Frykman PN, et al. (2008)
  
• The Validity of Self-Reported Physical Fitness Test Scores. Mil Med, 1​72:2, 115-120; Jones SB, Knapik JJ, Sharp MA, et al. (2007)
  
• Evaluation of a Standardized Physical Training Program for Basic Combat Training. J Strength Cond Res, 19:2, 246-253. Knapik JJ, Darakjy S, Scott SJ, et al. (2005)
  

Technical reports

• ​Changes in Physical Training, Physical Fitness, and Injury following Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) Field Testing, 2018–2020​. DCPH-A Technical Report No. S.0087524-24​; Grier T, et al. (2024)
  
• ​U.S. Army Occupational Physical Assessment Test (OPAT): Attrition and Retention Longitudinal Validation Study (2016-2018)​​. ARIEM Report No. ​T23-008; ​Cohen BS, Hauret KG, et al. (2023)​
  
• The Role of Physical Employment Standards in Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention, In: Combat Integration: Implications for Physical Employment Standards​. NATO STO Technical Report TR-HFM-269; Hauret KG, et al. (2019)
  
• Correlations Between Physical Fitness Tests and Performance of Military Tasks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. APHC Public Health Report No. 12-02-0614; Hauschild VD, DeGroot D, et al. (2014)
  
• Development of a New Army Standardized Physical Readiness Test: 2012 through 2013. APHC Public Health Report No. 12-01-0614; Jones BH, Nindl B, Hauret K et al. (2014)
  
• Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness.​ NATO RTO Technical Report TR-HFM-080. (2009)
  
• Job Performance as a Function of Physical Fitness among MOS 63B, Light-Wheel Vehicle Mechanics.  USARIEM Technical Report No. T07-07. (2007)
  
• Attitudes of New Recruits Toward a Pre-Enlistment Physical Fitness Screening Test. USACHPPM Technical Report No. 12-HF-01Q9F-06. (2006)
  
• Preliminary Derivation of Test Item Clusters for Predicting Injuries, Poor Physical Performance, and Overall Attrition in Basic Combat Training. USARIEM Technical Report T07-06. (2006)​
• The Case for Pre-Enlistm​​ent Physical Fitness Testing: Research and Recommendations​. USACHPPM Report No. 12-HF-01Q9D-04. (2004)
  

​Road Mar​ching

Journal articles

• Soldier Load Carriage, Injuries, Rehabilitation and Physical Conditioning: An International Approach​. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(8):4010; Orr RM, et al. (2021)​​
  
• Load Carriage for Female Military Personnel. Strength Cond J.​ 42(4):50-8; Orr RM, et al. (2020)
  
• Risk Factors for Injury Associated with Low, Moderate, and High Mileage Road Marching in a US Army Infantry Brigade​​.​ JSAMS, 20 Suppl 4:S28-S33​; ​Schuh-Renner A, et al. (2017) 
  
• Adapted Marching Distances and Physical Training Decrease Recruits’ Injuries and Attrition​. Mil Med 180(3):329-36; Roos L, et al. (2015)
  
• The Impact of Occupational Load Carriage on Carrier Mobility: A Critical Review of the Literature​. Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 20(1):33-41; Carlton SD, RM Orr. (2014)
  
• Physiological Employment Standards III: Physiological Challenges and Consequences Encountered du​​ring International Military Deployments. Eur J Appl Physiol, 113(11), 2655-2672; Nindl BC, et al. (2013)
  
• Loads Worn by Soldiers Predict Episodes of Low Back Pain during Deployment to Afghanistan. Spine, 38(15):1310-7; Roy T, et al. (2013)
  
• Lifting Tasks are Associated with Injuries during the Early Portion of a Deployment to Afghanistan​. Mil Med 177(6):716-22; Roy T, Ritland B, Knapik J, Sharp M. (2012)
  
• A Systematic Review of the Effects o​f Physical Training on Load Carriage. J Strength Cond Res 26(2):585-97, 26:2, 585-597; Knapik JJ, Harman EA, Steelman RA, Graham BS. (2012)
  
• Soldier Load Carriage: Historical, Physiolog​​​​ical, Biomechanical, and Medical Aspects. Mil Med, 169:1, 45-56; Knapik JJ, Reynolds KL, Harman E. (2004)
  
• The Distribution of Forces between Upper and Lower Back during Load Carriage​. MSSE 36(3):460-7; Lafiandra M and E Harman. (2004)
  

​​

Technical reports

• Foot Marching, Load Carriage, and Injury Risk.​ APHC Technical Information Paper No. 12-054-0616; Hauschild V, Roy T, Grier T, Schuh A, Jones BH. (2016)
  
• Optimizing Operational Ph​​ysical Fitness. NATO RTO Technical Report TR-HFM-080. (2009)
  

Book chapters

• Load Carriage-Related Injury Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Prevention. In: Gefen A, Epstein Y (Eds), Mechanobiology and Mechanophysiology of Military-Related Injuries, Springer Publishing; Knapik JJ, et al. (2015) 
  
• Load Carriage in Military Operations. A Review of Historical, Physiological, Biomechanical, and Medical Aspects.​ Knapik J, Reynolds K. (2012)​
  

Blister Prevention

• Preventio​​n of Blisters. J Spec Oper Med, 14:2, 95-96; Knapik JJ. (2014)
  

Mouthguards

• Oral-Maxillofacial Injury Surveillance in the Department of Defense, 1996-2005​. Am J Prev Med, 38:S1, S86-S93; Mitchener TA, Canham-Chervak M. (2010)
  
• Air Medical Evacuations of Soldiers for Oral-Facial Disease and Injuries OEF/OIF Jan-Dec 2006. USACHPPM Epidemiological Report No. DD-HA-0AY0A-09. (2009)
  
• Evaluation of Mouthguards for the Prevention of Orofacial Injuries during U.S. Army Basic Military Training. Dent Traumatol, 24(1), 86-90; DelaCruz GG, Knapik JJ, Birk MG. (2008)​
  
• Mouthguards in Sport Activities: History, Physical Properties and Injury Prevention Effectiveness. Sports Medicine, 37:2, 117-144; Knapik JJ, Marshall SW, Lee RB, et al. (2007)
  

SPORTS AND PHYSICAL TRAINING RELATED INJURIES

Extreme Conditioning Programs (ECP)

• Extreme Conditioning Programs: Potential Benefits and Potential Risks.​ J Spec Oper Med, 15(3): 108-113; Knapik JJ. (2015)
  
• Extreme Conditioning Programs and Injury Risk in a US​ Army Brigade Combat Team. AMEDD Journal, Oct-Dec, 36-47; Grier TL, Canham-Chervak M, McNulty V, Jones BH. (2013)
  

Physical Training​

• Fitness Tests and Occupational Tasks of Military Interest: A Systematic Review of Correlations. Occup Environ Med; 74:144-153; Hauschild VD, DeGroot DW, Hall SM, et al. (2017)
  
• Effect of Mandatory Unit and Individual Physical Training on Fitness in Military Men and Women. Am J Health Promot, online.​​​​ Anderson MK, Grier T, Canham-Chervak M, Bushman T, Nindl BC, Jones BH (2016)
  
• Avoiding program-induced cumulative overload. J Spec Oper Med, 16(2): 91-96, Orr R, Knapik JJ, Pope R. (2016)
  
• Development of the Tactical Human Optim​​ization, Rapid Rehabilitation and Reconditioning Program Military Operator Readiness Test for the Sp​​ecial Forces Operator. Strength Cond J, 38(6):55-60, Bear R, et al. (2016)
  
• The Effects of Cross-Training on Fitness and Injury in Women. AMEDD Journal, Apr-Jun: 33-41; Grier T, et al. (2015)
  
• Physical Training, Fitness, and Injuries: Lessons Learned From Military Studies. J Strength Condit Res, 29(11S):S57-S64; Jones BH, et al. (2015)
  
• The Importance of Physical Fitness for Injury Prevention (Part 1). J of Spec Oper Med, 15(1):123-127; Knapik JJ. (2015)
  
• The Importance of Physical Fitness for Injury Prevention (Part 2). J of Spec Oper Med, 15(2):112-115; Knapik JJ. (2015)
  
• Epidemiology of Exercise- and Sports-related Injuries in a Population of Young, Physically Active Adults: A Survey of Military Servicemembers. Am J Sports Med, 43(11):2645-53, Hauret KG, et al. (2015)
  
• Physical Training Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injury in Female Soldiers. Mil Med, 17​9:12, 1432-1438; Roy TC, Songer T, Ye F, LaPorte R, Grier T, Anderson M, Chervak M. (2014)
  
• Activities Associated with Injuries in Initial Entry Training. Mil Med, 178:5, 500-506; Knapik JJ, Graham BS, Rieger J, Steelman R, Pendergrass T. (2013)
  
• Prevention of Physical Training-Related Injuries: Recommendations for the Military and Other Active Populations Based on Expedited Systematic Reviews.​ Am J Prev Med, 38:S1, 156-181; Bullock SH, et al. (2010)
  
• U.S. Army Physical Readiness Training: Rationale and Evaluation of the Physical Training Doctrine. J Strength Cond Res, 23:4, 1353-1362; Knapik JJ, Rieger W, et al. (2009)
  
• Increasing the Physical Fitness of Low-Fit Recruits Before Basic Combat Training: An Evaluation of Fitness, Injuries, and Training Outcomes. Mil Med, 171:1, 45-54; Knapik JJ, Darakjy S, et al. (2006)
  
• Evaluation of a Standardized Physical Training Program for Basic Combat Training. J Stren​gth Cond Res, 19:2, 246-253; Knapik JJ, Darakjy S, Scott SJ, et al. (2005)​​
  
• Outcomes of Fort Jackson's Physical Training and Rehabilitation Program in Army Basic Combat Training: Return to Training, Graduation, and 2-Year Retention. Mil Med, 169:7, 562-567; Hauret KG, et al. (2004)
  
• Injury and Fitness ​Outcomes during Implementation of Physical Readiness Training.  Int J Sports Exerc Med, 24, 372-381; Knapik JJ, Hauret KG, Arnold S, et al. (2003)
  
• Retention in Service of Recruits Assigned to the Army Physical Fitness Test Enhancement Program in Basic Combat Training. Mil Med, 168:6, 490-492; Knapik JJ, Hauret KG, Lange JL, Jovag B. (2003)
  
• The Physical Training and Rehabilitation Program: Duration of Rehabilitation and Final Outcome of Injuries in Basic Combat Training. Mil Med, 166, 9:820-826; Hauret KG, Shippey DL, Knapik JJ. (2001)
  
• Exercise-Relate​d Injuries among Women: Strategies for Prevention from Civilian and Military Studies. MMWR Recomm Rep 49(RR-2), 15-33; Gilchrist J, Jones BH, Sleet DA, Kimsey CD. (2000)
  

Rehabilitation and Recovery

• Pre-Pregnancy Physical Fitness, Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Cesarean Delivery: A Study of Active Duty Women.​ Mil Med; Gehrich AP, McCullum K, Lustik MB, et al. (2022)
  
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Contribute to Worse Pain and Health Outcomes in Veterans with PTSD. Mil Med, 185(9-10):e1481-91, Benedict TM, et al. (2020)
  
• Effect of Chronic Low Back Pain and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on the Risk for Separation from the US Army.​ Mil Med, 184(9-10):431-9, Benedict TM, et al. (2019)​
  
• Increasing Convale​scent Leave Duration Has No Effect of Postpartum Physical Fitness. Obstetrics & Gynecology 133:135S, Sitler CA, DeGroot D, Langan KL, et al. (2019)
  

​

Running

Journal articles

• Minimalist Running Shoes and Injury Risk among U.S. Army Soldiers. Am J Sports Med, 44(6), 1439-1446; Grier T, Canham-Chervak, M, Bushman T, Anderson M, et al. (2016)
  
• Injuries and Footwear (Part 2): Minimalist Running Shoes. J of Spec Oper Med, 16(1):89-95; Knapik JJ, et al. (2016)
  
• Injuries and Footwear (Part 1): Athletic Shoe History and Injuries in Relation to Foot Arch Height and Training in Boots. J of Spec Oper Med, 15(4):102-108; Knapik JJ, et al. (2015)
  
• Physical Training in Boots and Running Shoes: Historical Comparison of Injury Incidence in Basic Combat Training. Mil Med, 180, 321-328, Knapik JJ. (2015)
  
• Effect on Injuries of Assigning Shoes Based on Foot Shape in Air Force Basic Training.​ Am J Prev Med, 38:1S, 197-211; Knapik JJ, Brosch LC, Venuto M, et al. (2010)
  
• Injury Reduction Effectiveness of Assigning Running Shoes Based on Plantar Shape in Marine Corps Basic Training. Am J Sports Med, 38(9), 1759-1767; Knapik JJ, et al. (2010)
• Validity of Plantar Surface Visual Assessment as an Estimate of Foot Arch Height. MSSE, 42(2), 375-380; Swedler DI, Knapik JJ, Jones BH. (2010).
• Injury Reduction Effe​ctiveness of Selecting Running Shoes Based on Plantar Shape. J Strength Cond Res, 23(3), 685-697; Knapik JJ, Swedler DI, Grier TL, et al. (2009).​
  
• The Basis for Prescribed ​Ability Group Run Speeds and Distances in U.S. Army Basic Combat Training. Mil Med, 171(7), 669-677; Knapik JJ, Scott SJ, Sharp MA, et al. (2006)
• Prevention of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in Athletes and Soldiers: A Systematic Review. Epidemiol Rev, 24(2), 228-247; Jones BH, Thacker SB​, Gilchrist J, et al. (2002)
• Effect of Rest from Running on Overuse Injuries in Army Basic Training. Am J Prev Med, 1​8(3S), 147-155; Popovich RM, Gardner JW, Potter R, Knapik JJ, Jones BH. (2000)

Technical reports

• Guidance for Ability Group Run Speeds and Distances in Basic Combat Training.  USACHPPM Project No. 12-HF-5772A-03. (2003)​
  
• Evaluation of Injury Rates During Implementation of the Fort Drum Running Shoe Injury Prevention Program. USACHPPM Epidemiological Consultation No. 12-MA-6558-01. (2001)
  

​

Sports

• Prevention of Football Injuries: A Review of the Literature.  USACHPPM General Medical Service Study Report No. 12-MA-01Q5-05. (2005)
  
• ​ Interventions to Prevent Softball Related Injuries: A Review of the Literature. Inj Prev, 11, 277-281; Pollack KM, Canham-Chervak M, Gazal-Carvalho C, et al. (2005)​
  

SLIP, TRIP ​AND FALL-RELATED INJURIES

Journal articles

• Activities and Risk Factors Associated​ with Fall-related Injuries among US Army Soldiers. BMJ Military Health​​; Brooks R, Grier T, Jones BH, Canham-Chervak M. (2020)
• Identification of Specific Activities Associated with Fall-Related Injuries. MSMR, 23(6): 2-9; Hauschild V, Schuh A, Taylor BJ, et al. (2016)
  
• Identification of Fall Prevention Strategies for the Military: A Review of the Literature. Mil Med, 180(12): 1225-1232; Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2015)
  
• Identifying Modifiable Causes of Fall-Related Injury: An Analysis of U.S. Army Safety Data. Work, 33:1, 23-34; Shuping E, Canham-Chervak M, Amoroso PJ, Jones BH. (2009)
• Hospitalizations for Fa​ll-Related Injuries among Active Duty Army Soldiers, 1980-1998. Work. 18(2) 161-170; Senier L, et al. (2002)
  

Technical reports

• Etiology of Fall-Related Inju​ries: Review of Narrative Incident Reports, January to December 2011. APHC (Prov) Injury Prevention Report No. S.0032427; Hauschild V, Schuh A, et al. (2015)

SUPPLEMENTS AND CAFFEINE

VEHICLE ACCIDENT RELATED INJURIES

• Factors Associated with Motorcycle Traffic Crash Fatalities among Active Duty Army Personnel. ​Traff​​ic Inj Prev 20(2):174-181, Rappole C, Canham-Chervak M, Taylor B, Jones BH. (2019)
  
• ​Narrative Text Analysis to Identify Technologies to Prevent Motor Vehicle Crashes​.​​ ​J Safety Res, 44:45-49; Pollock ​KM, Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2013)​
  
• Injuries to Deployed U.S. Army Soldiers Involved in HMMWV Crashes, 2002–2006​. Mil Med, ​177(8):​​963-969; Piek SM, Canham-Chervak M, Hauret KG, et al. (2012)
  
• Motor Vehicle Crashes among Active Duty U.S. Army Personnel, 1999 to 2006. Mil Med, 176(9):1019-1026; Rossen LM, Pollack KM, Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2011)
  
• Self-Reported Risk-Ta​​​​king Behaviors and Hospitalization for Motor Vehicle Injury among Active Duty Army Personnel. AJPM, 18:3(1S), 85-95; Bell ​NS, Amoroso PJ, Yore MY, et al. (2000)
  

​

O​THER

​​Injury Prevention Initiatives

Defense Safety Oversight Council (DSOC) 

• Update and Addendum to Identification of Work-Related Fall Prevention Measures. Cowan DN, Jackson RR, Canham-Chervak M. (2012) 
• Identification of Work-Related Fall Prevention Measures with a Focus on Falls from Vehicles and Other Heights. Cowan DN, Jackson RR, Canham-Chervak M. DTIC Report ADB376371. (2012) 
• Final Report for Identification of Military Vehicle Accident Causes Preventable by Safety Technology – Phase I and II​​. Rogers H, Nelson K, Pollack K, Canham-Chervak M. DTIC Report ADB374005. (2011)
  
• DSOC Initiative: Identification of Military Vehicle Accident Causes Preventable by Safety Technology. ​Pollack K, Yee N, Canham-Chervak M. (2010)​​
  
• Identification of Work-Related Fall Prevention Measures. Canham-Chervak M, Nelson K. DTIC Report ADB356085. (2010)
• DSOC Initiative: Causes and Risk Factors for Military and Privately Owned Vehicle Accidents. ​Pollack K, Gibbons L, Canham-Chervak M. (2009)​​
  
• Preventing Injuries in the U.S. Military: The Process, Priorities, and Epidemiologic Evidence, CPPHM Report No. 12-HF-04MT-08. Canham-Chervak M. (2008)
  

​Soldier Medical Readiness Campaign (SMRC)

• Summary of Injury Prevention Activities Supporting the Army Soldier Medical Readiness Campaign, 2011-2014. APHC Public Health Report No. S.0011225​; Canham-Chervak M, Grier T, Stephen M, et al. (2016)
  
  

​Army Medicine 2020 Campaign​​​

• ​Summary of Activities Supporting the Army Medicine 2020 Campaign’s Injury and Violence Free Living Program, March 2013–July 2016.​ APHC Public Health Report No. S.0023112; Canham-Chervak M, et al. (2017)
• Execution of MEDCOM Operational Order 15-74 Improving Readiness through Reduction of Unintentional Injuries​. APHC Public Health Report No. S.0047776-17; Canham-Chervak M, Schuh-Renner A, et al. (2017)
  ​​
  

​Military Working Dogs

• Risk Factors for Injury among Military Working Dogs Deployed to Iraq. Prev Vet M​ed, 176:104911; Mey W, Schuh-Renner A, Anderson MK, Stevenson-LaMartina H, Grier T. (2020)
• Injuries and Other Medical Problems among Young Military Working Dogs (MWDs). APHC Public Health Report No. S.0049068-19; Schuh-Renner A, Rappole C, Mey W, Takara M, Anderson MK, et al. (2019)
  

Safet​y

• ​​The Relationship between Leadersh​ip Support and Injury Risks: Motivation for Improving Safety Climate and Safety Culture.​ APHC Public Health Information Paper No. 12-02-0319; Schuh-Renner A, et ​al. (2019)​
  

Supplement - American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2010

​The following is a collection of articles published as: Public Health Approach to Injury Prevention: The U.S. Military Experience​; Vol. 38, No. 1 (p. ​S1- S222), January 2010, (a supplement to the AJPM). All articles posted with permission from the AJPM. Guest Editors: Canham-Chervak M, Jones BH, Sleet DA.​​

Introduction

• A Systematic Process to Prioritize Prevention Activities: Sustaining Progress toward the Reduction of Military Injuries (Canham-Chervak M, Hooper TI, Brennan Jr. FH, et al.)
  
• A Process to Identify U.S. Military Injury Prevention Priorities Based on Injury Type and Limited Duty Days (Ruscio BA, Jones BH, Bullock SH, et al.)   
  
• The Army Health Hazard Assessment Program's Medical Cost Avoidance Model (Bratt GM, Kluchinsky Jr. TA, Coady P, et al.)​
  

Defining the Magnitude of the Problem: U.S. Military Injury Surveillance

• Medical Surveillance of Injuries in the U.S. Military: Descriptive Epidemiology and Recommendations for Improvement (Jones BH, Canham-Chervak M, Canada S, et al.)
• Musculoskeletal Injuries: Description of an Under-Recognized Injury Problem among Military Personnel (Hauret KG, Jones BH, Bullock SH, et al.) ​​
  
• Epidemiology of Hearing Impairment and Noise-Induced Hearing Injury among U.S. Military Personnel, 2003-2005 (Helfer TM, Canham-Chervak M, Canada S, et al.) 
  
• Eye Injury Surveillance in the U.S. Military, 1996-2005 (Hilber D, Mitchener TA, Stout J, et al.) 
  
• Oral-Maxillofacial Injury Surveillance in the U.S. Military, 1996-2005 (Mitchener TA, Canham-Chervak M) 
  
• Frequency and Causes of Nonbattle Injuries Air Evacuated from Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom, U.S. Army, 2001-2006 (Hauret KG, Taylor BJ, Clemmons NS, et al.) 
• Traumatic Brain Injury Hospitalizations of U.S. Army Soldiers Deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq (Wojcik BE, Stein CR, Bagg K, et al.)
  

Identifying Modifiable Causes and Mechanisms of Injuries: U.S. Air Force Safety Data Analyses

• Using Safety Data to Describe Common Injury-Producing Events: Ex​amples from the U.S. Air Force (Copley GB, Burnham BR, Shim MJ, et al.) ​
  
• Mechanisms of Slow Pitch Softball Injuries Reported to the HQ Air Force Safety Center: A Ten Year Descriptive Study, 1993 to 2002 (Burnham BR, Copley GB, Shim MJ, et al.) 
  
• Mechanisms of Basketball Injuries Reported to the HQ Air Force Safety Center: A Ten Year Descriptive Study, 1993 to 2002 (Burnham BR, Copley GB, Shim MJ, et al.)
  
• Mechanisms of Flag Football Injuries Reported to the U.S. Air Force Safety Center: A Ten Year Descriptive Study, 1993 to 2002 (Burnham BR, Copley GB, Shim MJ, et al.)
  
• Injuries to Air Force Personnel Associated with Lifting, Handling, and Carrying Objects (Kemp PA, Burnham BR, Copley GB, et al.) 
  

Determining What Works to Prevent the Problem: U.S. Military Evaluations and Systematic Reviews of Injury Prevention Strategies

• Prevention of Physical Training-Related Injuries: Recommendations for the Military and Other Active Populations Based on Expedited Systematic Reviews (Bullock SH, Jones BH, Gilchrist J, et al.) 
  
• Systematic Review of the Parachute Ankle Brace: Injury Risk Reduction and Cost Effectiveness (Knapik JJ, Spiess A, Swedler DI, et al.) 
  
• Systematic Review of Military Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Injuries (Krahl PL, Jankosky CJ, Thomas RJ, et al.) 
  
• Effect on Injuries of Assigning Shoes Based on Foot Shape in Air Force Basic Military Training (Knapik JJ, Brosch LC, Venuto M, et al.) ​
  

Commentary

• The Military Accident and Injury Prevention Challenge: Setting a Foundation for the Future (Angello JJ, Smith JW) 
  
• Public Health and Risk Management: A Hybridized Approach to Military Injury Prevention (Gunlicks JB, Patton JT, Miller SF, et al.) 
  
• The U.S. Army Medical Department Commitment to ​Injury Reduction (Schoomaker EB) 
  
• It Wouldn't Hurt to Create a Safer Military (Sleet DA, Balwin G) ​
  

Supplement - Atlas of Injuries, 1999

• Atlas of Injurie​​​​​​s in U.S. Armed Forces​. Mil Med, 164:8S, 1-1 to 9-25 (642 pages); Jones BH, Amoroso PJ, Canham ML, et al. (1999)​​
  

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